The Principles of Kata

    

  1. KISHIN NO YOI
    Correct spiritual preperation and mental concentration towards the opponent - prior to the movements of the Kata.
     

  2. EMBUSEN
    Show correct pattern of movement - and stay within the lines of the Kata. Some katas are symmetrical - with an ideal start/stop on the same spot. If not stances were incorrect.
     

  3. INYO           
    The harmony and contrast of the active and passive elements - the offensive and defencive parts of the Kata.
     

  4. KEITAI NO HOJO
    The beauty of form and posture with the correct body geometry and positioning during movement and stance.

  5. KIAI
    Correct use of spirit shouts at set points in the Kata.
     

  6. KOKYU
    Correct and controlled use of breathing during the execution of the Kata.
     

  7. TAI NO SHINSHUKU
    Body contraction and expansion during performance of Kata. Correct moving from one kamae to another involves alternating bodily contractions and expansions.
     

  8. CHAKUGAN
    Correct aiming points. Correct point of execution of techniques. The eyes are instrumental in this process to show the purpose of the movements.
     

  9. WAZA NO KANKYU
    Correct speed of each movement and technique. Good contrast of fast and slow motion in Kata.
     

  10. CHIKARA NI KYOJAKU
    Correct use of power in movements and stance. Power in Kata is a product of balance between strength and relaxation.
     

  11. JUSHIN NO ANTEI
    Correct stability of centre of gravity in movement and stance.
     

  12. ZANSHIN
    Correct mental awareness in execution of technique - and at the completion of Kata.